Veda

Veda: The Knowledge of Life (吠陀)

The word Veda means knowledge and is derived from the Sanskrit root “Vid”, meaning finding, knowing, acquiring, or understanding. The Vedas are a mix of:
- Shruti: What is heard.
- Smriti: What is remembered.

The Four Vedas:

  1. Rig Veda (To Shine)
    • Contains the principles of the entire creation.
  2. Yajur Veda (Prose Mantras)
    • Provides the implementation of the principles.
  3. Sama Veda (Songs)
    • Focuses on rhythmic chanting of hymns.
  4. Atharva Veda (Proceedings)
    • Deals with the practical application of knowledge in daily life.
    • Includes Ayurveda (印度韦达养生学), the science of life and longevity.

Subcategories of Each Veda

Each Veda is divided into four sections, each serving a specific purpose:

  1. Samhitas:
    • A collection of mantras, benedictions (blessings), and prayers.
  2. Brahmanas:
    • Commentaries on ceremonies, sacrifices, and rituals.
  3. Aranyakas:
    • Philosophical treatises (forest books) written for hermits and saints.
  4. Upanishads (Vedanta):
    • Books of philosophy and the conclusion of the Vedas (Ved + Anti [end]).
    • Etymology:
      • Upa: Closeness.
      • Ni: Totality or full devotion.
      • Sad: To sit.
      • Sitting nearby devotedly to learn.
    • Approximately 108–200 Upanishads exist, with 10 principal Upanishads being the most significant.

The Yogic Timeline

  1. Vedic Era: The foundation of knowledge, principles, and rituals.
  2. Pre-Classical Era: Development of philosophy through the Upanishads.
  3. Classical Era: The systematic presentation of yoga in the Yoga Sutras by Maharishi Patanjali.
  4. Post-Classical Era: Expansion and diversification of yogic practices.
  5. Modern Era: Yoga evolves as a global practice for physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
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